Fluorine-rich modification of self-extinguishable lithium-ion battery separators using cross-linking networks of chemically functionalized PVDF terpolymers for highly enhanced electrolyte affinity and thermal–mechanical stability

Thermal instability of polypropylene separators (PPSs) threatens the safe battery operation. A double bond-containing polyvinylidene fluoride (DPVDF)-coated PPS (DPS) and the subsequent crosslinking (DPSX) demonstrate an instant fire extinguishing feature and high thermal stability.