Gelsolin and Related Proteins in Vertebrate Model Organisms

Gelsolin, encoded by the Gsn gene, is a highly conserved actin-binding protein detected in all studied eukaryotic organisms. Gelsolin is the founding member of the gelsolin superfamily of proteins, whose main functions are binding, severing, and capping actin filaments. Moreover, gelsolin is engaged in apoptosis regulation, signal transduction, and embryonic development. Gelsolin is also implicated in some human diseases such as Alzheimer disease and familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF). Because of its multifunctionality, gelsolin is a potential candidate for diverse therapeutic applications. Most of our knowledge about gelsolin superfamily proteins comes from investigations conducted on vertebrate model organisms such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), chickens (Gallus gallus), and mice (Mus musculus). Here, we present fundamental findings as well as new knowledge to indicate main research directions and future possibilities. Different model organisms provide specific possibilities and present particular advantages. However, all of them give useful data, which allow us to gain a better understanding of the function of gelsolin and related proteins.