Nanozymes with intrinsic peroxidase-like activities

Over the past few decades, studies have focused on nanomaterials with enzyme-like features (nanozymes) as simple, stable, high-performance alternatives to natural enzymes in a wide range of implementations. A variety of inorganic nanomaterials including Cd, carbon based nanomaterials, CeO2, Co3O4, CuO, Au, Fe, Mn, Pd, Pt, SiO2, Ag, VO2, and Zn NPs have been considerably used to mimic the activity of naturally occurring enzymes. These nanomaterials have shown to mimic extensively enzyme-like activities, and great progresses have been made in these systems due to the enormous development in nano-research and the distinctive properties of nanomaterials. To accentuate the growth in the field of nanozymes, this review considers different inorganic nanomaterials that have been investigated to mimic peroxidase-like enzyme in biological, chemical and medical applications. We discuss regarding the kinetics, mechanisms and applications of peroxidase-like nanozymes. Finally, we will discuss regarding the different parameters that influence the catalytic activity of nanozymes and focus on the current challenges and future outcomes.