A clinical study of feto outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the obstetric and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated with abnormal liquor volume and to detect the etiological factors responsible for causing abnormal liquor volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at Institute Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, egmore, Chennai from October 2012 to September 2013. In this study, pregnant women with singleton, gestational age between 28- 42 weeks with oligohydramnios (AFI ≤ 5) and polyhydramnios (≥ 25) were taken as a study population. They were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination and ultrasound examination with Doppler and they were followed up through out the pregnancy and their fetal and maternal outcome were studied. RESULTS: � Most of the women with abnormal liquor volume were presented at term. Isolated oligohydramnios (37.33%) was the most common cause followed by post dated pregnancy (28.67%) in oligohydramnios group. Incidence of congenital anomalies were high in polyhydramnios (22%) than in oligohydramnios (4%). Incidence of induction of labour (65.33%), cesarean section(59.33%), fetal distress(76.4%), meconium stained liquor(57.33%), low 5 minutes APGAR, low birth weight(54%), IUGR(18.66%) and NICU admission(50.66%) were common in oligohydramnios group. � Idiopathic polyhydramnios (58%) were the first common cause of polyhydramnios, the second were congenital anomalies( 22%). Incidence of PROM(44.5%), preterm labour(14%), cord prolapse(6%),atonic PPH (4%), retained placenta(2%) were common in polyhydramnios group. Perinatal mortality were high in polyhydramnios than in oligohydramnios group. CONCLUSION: Isolated oligo and polyhydramnios in term gestation has better perinatal outcome compared to early onset and with associated conditions like hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, GDM, IUGR. A detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations should be done to identify the various etiological factors in all cases of abnormal liquor volume, to get better foetal outcome as well as to avoid the maternal complications.