Emerging Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered considerable attention due to their favorable properties, including high power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived materials have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing the performance and stability of PSCs. This is attributed to their high specific surface area, tunable nanostructures, and high porosity. MOF materials have been integrated into various functional layers of PSCs, including the interface modification layer, electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and perovskite layer, to improve photovoltaic performance and carrier transport, reduce defect density, and enhance stability. This Review summarizes the recent advancements in the applications of MOFs in PSCs. It outlines the synthesis methods of MOFs and analyzes the functions and mechanisms of incorporating MOFs into different functional layers of PSCs. Additionally, this Review identifies promising research directions to further harness the potential of MOFs in advancing the performance and stability of PSCs.