Lithium-Ion Insertion Kinetics of Na-Doped LiFePO4 as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Na-doped Li1−x Na x FePO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) materials were synthesized by a simple high-temperature solid-state method. The structure, morphology, and kinetic performances of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD indicates that all samples are in accordance with the standard LiFePO4 with olivine structure. SEM reveals that the particle size of all samples is about 1 to 2 µm. CV exhibits that Na doping obviously improves the reversibility and dynamic behaviors of lithium intercalation and deintercalation. EIS shows that Na doping decreases the charge transfer resistance of LiFePO4 and improves the lithium diffusion coefficients. It can be concluded that Na doping results in lower electrode polarization and higher lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, which can effectively improve the kinetic performance of LiFePO4.