Anatomical and electrical remodeling with incomplete left atrial appendage ligation: Results from the LAALA‐AF registry

Abstract Background The anatomical, electrical, and clinical impact of incomplete Lariat left atrial appendage ligation remains unclear. Methods We studied LAA anatomy pre‐ and postligation using contrast enhanced‐computed tomography (CT) scans in 91 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who subsequently underwent catheter ablation (CA). Results Eleven patients had an incomplete exclusion (12%) with a central leak ranging from 1 to 5 mm. Despite incomplete ligation; the LAA volume were reduced by 67% postprocedurally when compared to preprocedure. In 7 patients with a leak between 1 and 3 mm, there was a 77% reduction in LAA volume beyond the ligation site suggestive of remodeling of the LAA. In 4 patients with larger (4–5 mm) leak the LAA remnants (LAARs) were slightly larger than those with smaller leaks on follow‐up CT scan. Three out of the 4 demonstrated LAA electrical activity during CA and underwent isolation of the LAA ostium. Follow‐up imaging showed two of these LAARs completely sealed with no communication with the left atrium. There was no significant difference in the AF recurrence rates between the patients who had a leak versus those with complete ligation (4 of 11 [36%] vs. 22 of 80 [27%]; P = 0.6). Oral anticoagulation was discontinued in all patients with small leaks and 2 patients with large leaks that sealed completely upon follow‐up imaging. There were no strokes or TIAs at 12 months. Conclusion Despite incomplete LAA ligation by Lariat device there is significant anatomical and electrical remodeling that resulted in reduction in LAA size, volume, and electrical activity.