Grain zinc, iron and protein concentrations of contemporary wheat cultivars fall short of targets for human health

) was <8% across bread and durum wheat grain samples. Relative to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, co-application of Zn and Fe increased grain Zn, Fe and protein concentrations by 27%, 41% and 25%, respectively. Combining agronomic and genetic biofortification is essential for improving grain nutrient concentrations and addressing micronutrient deficiencies.