Vacancy-defective spinel NiCo 2 O 4 enables high-valent Ni/Co species and adsorbate binding for the electrocatalytic upcycling of polybutylene succinate plastics

A vacancy-defective NiCo 2 O 4 catalyst with high-valent Ni/Co species and strong adsorbate binding enables the enhanced electrooxidation of 1,4-butanediol, which realizes the upcycling of PBS plastics to value-added C 4 platform chemicals.