Multi-segment Pulse Charging Strategy for Prolonging the Service Life of Semi-solid-State Batteries

As a pivotal transitional technology in battery energy storage systems, semi-solid-state batteries (SSSBs) are currently undergoing an accelerated deployment phase. While pulse charging technology has been extensively investigated to enhance the charging performance of liquid lithium-ion batteries (LLIBs), its impact on SSSBs remains largely unexplored. This work presents the first comprehensive comparative analysis of pulse charging effects on both LLIBs and SSSBs, systematically evaluating critical parameters including maximum temperature rise, discharge capacity, charging speed, and cycle lifetime. Notably, SSSBs with high-impedance characteristics exhibit heightened sensitivity to charging protocols and current parameters. A novel multi-segment pulse charging (M-SPC) strategy is consequently developed. For both battery types, the M-SPC protocol demonstrates remarkable cycle lifetime extension compared to conventional constant current (CC) charging. After 1000 high-current cycles, capacity retention rates reach 84.7% for LLIBs (ten segments and 1 Hz) and 93.7% for SSSBs (ten segments and 0.004 Hz) under M-SPC operation. In contrast, SSSBs subjected to CC charging exhibit swelling-induced rupture and complete failure after merely 800 cycles. Furthermore, nonlinear correlations between pulse segment number/frequency and capacity retention are quantitatively characterized to identify the optimal parameters. These findings provide technical support for the development of electric vehicles and the accelerated application of SSSBs.