Mavacamten Favorably Impacts Cardiac Structure in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

HomeCirculationVol. 143, No. 6Mavacamten Favorably Impacts Cardiac Structure in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Free AccessLetterPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyRedditDiggEmail Jump toFree AccessLetterPDF/EPUBMavacamten Favorably Impacts Cardiac Structure in Obstructive Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyEXPLORER-HCM Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Substudy Analysis Sara Saberi, MD, Nuno Cardim, MD, Mohamad Yamani, MD, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Wanying Li, PhD, Victoria Florea, MD, Amy J. Sehnert, MD, Raymond Y. Kwong, MD, MPH, Michael Jerosch-Herold, PhD, Ahmad Masri, MD, Anjali Owens, MD, Neal K. Lakdawala, MD, Christopher M. Kramer, MD, Mark Sherrid, MD, Tim Seidler, MD, Andrew Wang, MD, Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani, MD, Benjamin Meder, MD, Ofer Havakuk, MD and Daniel Jacoby, MD Sara SaberiSara Saberi Sara Saberi, MD, MS, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, CVC, Suite 2364, SPC 5853, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5853. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-6725 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (S.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Nuno CardimNuno Cardim Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular MR and CT unit (UNICA), Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (N.C.). Search for more papers by this author , Mohamad YamaniMohamad Yamani Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (M.Y.). Search for more papers by this author , Jeanette Schulz-MengerJeanette Schulz-Menger Charité Medical University Berlin, ECRC and Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Klinik Berlin-Buch, Clinic for Cardiology and Nephrology, DZHK partnersite Berlin, Germany (J.S-M.). Search for more papers by this author , Wanying LiWanying Li MyoKardia, Brisbane, CA (W.L., V.F., A.J.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Victoria FloreaVictoria Florea MyoKardia, Brisbane, CA (W.L., V.F., A.J.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Amy J. SehnertAmy J. Sehnert MyoKardia, Brisbane, CA (W.L., V.F., A.J.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Raymond Y. KwongRaymond Y. Kwong Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (R.Y.K., M.J-H.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Search for more papers by this author , Michael Jerosch-HeroldMichael Jerosch-Herold Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (R.Y.K., M.J-H.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Search for more papers by this author , Ahmad MasriAhmad Masri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-6526 Center for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (A.M.). Search for more papers by this author , Anjali OwensAnjali Owens Center for Inherited Cardiac Disease, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (A.O.). Search for more papers by this author , Neal K. LakdawalaNeal K. Lakdawala https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-5421 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.K.L.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Search for more papers by this author , Christopher M. KramerChristopher M. Kramer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-7731 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville (C.M.K.). Search for more papers by this author , Mark SherridMark Sherrid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-7780 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, NYU Langone Health, New York (M.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Tim SeidlerTim Seidler Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (T.S.) Search for more papers by this author , Andrew WangAndrew Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-0933 Duke Cardiology, Duke Health Center at Southpoint, Durham, NC (A.W.). Search for more papers by this author , Farbod Sedaghat-HamedaniFarbod Sedaghat-Hamedani Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (F.S.-H., B.M.). Search for more papers by this author , Benjamin MederBenjamin Meder https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-2633 Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (F.S.-H., B.M.). Search for more papers by this author , Ofer HavakukOfer Havakuk Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel (O.H.). Search for more papers by this author and Daniel JacobyDaniel Jacoby https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9182-275X Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.J.). Search for more papers by this author Originally published15 Nov 2020https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052359Circulation. 2021;143:606–608Other version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: November 15, 2020: Ahead of Print No medical therapy for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy modifies disease expression or outcomes.1,2 Mavacamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor that reduces actin–myosin cross-bridge formation, improved exercise capacity, left ventricular outflow tract gradients, symptoms, and health status in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the phase 3 EXPLORER-HCM (Clinical Study to Evaluate Mavacamten [MYK-461] in Adults with Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) trial.3,4 The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging substudy examined the effect of mavacamten versus placebo on cardiac structure and function.The EXPLORER-HCM trial has been described previously.3,4 Each site’s institutional review board/independent ethics committee approved the study protocol. All participants provided written informed consent. In this substudy, the primary end point was the change in left ventricular (LV) mass index from baseline to week 30; exploratory end points included change in cellular hypertrophy, left atrial volume index, LV function, myocardial fibrosis measured by extracellular volume fraction and late gadolinium enhancement, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), and hs-cTnI (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I). CMR imaging was performed using 1.5 or 3.0T systems (Philips Medical Systems or Siemens Healthcare) and included in the following order: (1) steady-state, free-precession breath-hold cine of a LV short-axis stack; (2) native T1 mapping with Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery in 3 equally spaced short-axis cuts (base, mid, apical) covering 16 of the 17 American Heart Association segments; (3) intravenous gadolinium contrast injection at 0.15 mmol/kg; (4) long-axis cine (2-, 3-, 4-chamber); (5) repeat T1 mapping in matching locations at 3, 10, and 25 minutes postcontrast; and (6) late gadolinium enhancement short-axis stack matching cine locations started at 15 minutes postcontrast. Between-group differences of those changes were evaluated using Wilcoxon–Mann-Whitney tests, and 95% CIs were based on normal approximation. All statistical tests were conducted as 2-sided tests with a significance level of 0.05; P values were not adjusted for multiplicity. Missing data were sparse and not imputed. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Thirty-five patients were randomized (mavacamten, n=17; placebo, n=18). Mean age was 60.3 years, and 42.9% were female. Demographics/baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. Patients receiving mavacamten experienced a greater reduction in mean (SD) LV mass index, the primary end point, from baseline to week 30 versus patients in the placebo group (–17.4 [12.1] g/m2 and –1.6 [7.4] g/m2, respectively; mean between-group difference, −15.8 g/m2 [95% CI, −22.6 to −9.0]; P<0.0001; Figure). LV mass decreased in the mavacamten group compared with placebo group (between-group difference, −30.0 g [95% CI, −43.3 to −16.7]; P<0.0001). The mean (SD) absolute intracellular myocardial mass index ([(1−global extracellular volume fraction) × LV mass]/body surface index) decreased with mavacamten (−14.1 [9.5] g/m2) versus no change in placebo (−1.0 [6.5] g/m2; mean between-group difference, −13.1 g/m2 [95% CI, −18.7 to −7.5]; P=0.0002). Mavacamten was associated with a greater reduction in maximum LV wall thickness than placebo (Figure). In both groups, baseline mean LV ejection fraction was elevated and remained normal through week 30 despite a mild reduction observed with mavacamten (Figure). In the CMR substudy, LV ejection fraction reduction with mavacamten was similar to that assessed by echocardiogram in the EXPLORER-HCM population (−6.6% [6.39%] and –3.9% [7.7%]). There was no LV ejection fraction of <50% by CMR. Of the 9 patients in EXPLORER-HCM (7 mavacamten, 2 placebo) with a transient decrease in LV ejection fraction of <50% (median 48%) by echocardiogram,4 2 were in the CMR substudy (1 mavacamten, 1 placebo) and both were asymptomatic at time of the measure. Myocardial contractile fraction ([LV stroke volume/LV myocardial volume) × 100; LV myocardial volume=LV mass/[1.05 g/mL]), another parameter of LV systolic function, was similar in both groups at baseline (mavacamten, 61.0% [17.9%]; placebo, 60.1% [17.3%]) and remained unchanged at week 30 (mean between-group difference, 2.4% [95% CI, −4.5 to 9.3]; P=0.7043). A greater reduction in maximum left atrial volume index was observed with mavacamten versus placebo (mean between-group difference, −10.3 mL/m2 [95% CI, −16.0 to −4.6]; P=0.0004; Figure). There was little fibrosis at baseline with no notable within- or between-group changes in late gadolinium enhancement (Figure) and extracellular volume fraction (mean change [SD] global extracellular volume fraction, 0.02 [0.07] in the mavacamten group; 0.00 [0.03] in the placebo group). There was a 50% greater reduction in hs-cTnI and 80% greater reduction in NT-proBNP with mavacamten versus placebo (P<0.01). Change in LV mass index was positively correlated with change in hs-cTnI (n=31; Rho=0.75 [95% CI, 0.53–0.87]).Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure. Effects of mavacamten on parameters of cardiac structure, function, and fibrosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance. Treatment with mavacamten reduced LVMI (A), max LV wall thickness (B), LAVI max (C), and LVEF (E) in the obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patient vs no changes in the patient from the placebo group. No changes in fibrosis assessed by LGE were observed (D). F and G, Cardiac magnetic resonance 4-chamber long-axis images in ED and ES showing left ventricular basal septal hypertrophy and papillary muscle (white arrows) and enlarged LA at baseline. *Data are mean (95% CI) between-group difference at week 30. The arrows indicate the papillary muscle. ED indicates end diastole; ES, end systole; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI, left ventricle mass index; LVWT, left ventricle wall thickness; RA, right atrium; and RV, right ventricle.The CMR substudy is the first to show favorable impact of a pharmacological agent on cardiac remodeling in HCM. Mavacamten was associated with significant reductions in absolute intracellular myocardial mass index as well as LV mass index, maximum LV wall thickness, and left atrial volume index—all predictors of poor prognosis in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.5 Importantly, there were no changes in fibrosis or myocardial contractile fraction observed during 30 weeks, and contractile function remained normal. Reductions in hypertrophy and left atrial volumes were observed concurrent with reductions in levels of plasma biomarkers of myocardial stress and injury. These findings suggest that even short-term mavacamten treatment had a favorable effect on cardiac structure in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank the patients, the study site coordinators, and the EXPLORER-HCM (Clinical Study to Evaluate Mavacamten [MYK-461] in Adults with Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) study team members. Medical writing support was provided by Dr Nicolas Bertheleme of Oxford PharmaGenesis (Oxford, UK), with funding from MyoKardia.Sources of FundingThe EXPLORER-HCM trial was funded by MyoKardia.Disclosures Personal fees may include, but are not limited to, consulting fees, lecture fees, research funding, honoraria for steering committee activities, speaker fees or travel support. Dr Saberi received personal fees from MyoKardia. Dr Cardim received personal fees from MyoKardia. Dr Kwong received a research grant from MyoKardia and Dr Jerosch-Herold received funding support from this research grant. Dr Masri received personal fees from Akcea, Ionis, and Pfizer. Dr Owens received personal fees from Cytokinetics and MyoKardia. Dr Lakdawala received personal fees from Array BioPharma, MyoKardia, Pfizer, and Sarepta. Dr Kramer received personal fees from Bayer, Cytokinetics, and MyoKardia. Dr Wang received personal fees from Cytokinetics, Medscape, and MyoKardia. Dr Sedaghat-Hamedani received personal fees from MyoKardia. Drs Li, Florea, and Sehnert are employees of MyoKardia. The other authors report no conflicts.Footnoteshttps://www.ahajournals.org/journal/circThis work was presented as an abstract at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions, November 13 to November 17, 2020.Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03470545.Sara Saberi, MD, MS, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, CVC, Suite 2364, SPC 5853, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5853. Email [email protected]umich.eduReferences1. 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