Stability and efficiency improvement of perovskite solar cells by surface hydroxyl defect passivation of SnO 2 layer with 4-fluorothiophenol

Chemical bath-deposited SnO 2 widely used as an electron transport layer has hydroxyl defect, which is responsible for degradation of perovskite solar cell. Surface passivation of SnO 2 with 4-fluorothiophenol improves stability.