Liquid‐Based Thermocells for Heat‐To‐Current Conversion

As an alternative, liquid-state thermocells are promising for capturing low-grade heat due to their affordable, scalable, and adaptable characteristics. A liquid-state thermocell is an apparatus that produces potential difference by exploiting the impact of temperature gradient on the redox potential of electro-chemically active substances. Redox couple is an essential component of liquid-state thermocell, while the thermal-to-electrical ratio and chemical stability are still never given any sort of satisfaction for application. Traditional thermosensors, such as thermopiles, are composed of inorganic alloys based on the e-thermoelectric (TE) effect. Theoretically, thermocell can generate electricity from all sources of heat, but its practical application is greatly limited. In addition, the large-scale market application of thermocell is greatly limited by its low power density and energy conversion efficiency.