Emperor Penguin Optimization Based MPPT for PV System under Different Irradiation Condition

—Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is an essential process in the PV system to generate maximum power. The power generated in the system fluctuates due to the different irradiation levels from PV modules. Because of this effect, the Maximum Power (MP) produced has to be tracked with a minimum tracking time. With the conventional MPPT algorithm, the MP cannot be tracked with different irradiations, and the tracking time will be high. In this article, a 4x4 PV array is modeled to compare with different irradiation conditions. The Emperor Penguin Optimization (EPO) based MPPT is implemented to find the global maximum power. The maximum peak power is tracked under different irradiation conditions in a total cross tied (TCT) configured network. The MP tracked in the 4 × 4 TCT-PV array is contrasted with the bridge linked (BL) and serial parallel (SP) and bridge linked honey-comb (BL-HC) configuration. The proposed method yields approximately 4% improved power tracking compared to the other configuration.