The Physiology of Semaglutide in Relation to Glucagon Like Peptide-1: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: Semaglutide (marketed as Ozempic®), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) recep-tor agonist, has revolutionized the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. GLP-1 plays a pivotal role in regulating glucose metabolism, appetite, and energy homeostasis through its actions on α and β pancreatic cells, gastric emptying, and the central nervous system. By augmenting insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon production, slowing gastric emptying, and promoting satiety, Semaglutide offers a multifaceted approach to maintaining glucose homeostasis and energy balance. This review delves into the intricate physiology of Semaglutide, exploring how it mimics and enhances GLP-1's natural functions, shedding light on Semaglutide’s growing role as a therapeutic powerhouse in combating metabolic disorders. Additionally, we compare the outcomes of using different GLP-1 receptor ago-nists besides Semaglutide, demonstrating that Semaglutide has the most potent effect. Fi-nally, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the physiological and therapeutic potential of Semaglutide, emphasizing its critical role in modern healthcare.