Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Adenosine as a Diagnostic Metabolic Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

The integration of EV metabolomics and proteomics revealed enhanced purine metabolism, particularly elevated extracellular adenosine, as a distinctive hallmark of PDAC. EV-derived adenosine emerges as a highly promising non-invasive biomarker with superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CA19-9.