Precise diagnosis of tumor cells and hemocytes using ultrasensitive, stable, selective cuprous oxide composite SERS bioprobes assisted with high-efficiency separation microfluidic chips

O@Ag composites significantly improved electromagnetic enhancement and charge transfer effects at 532 nm, providing a reliable basis for the label-free SERS detection. After the cancer cells in blood were separated by a spiral inertial microfluidic chip (purity >80%), machine learning-assisted linear discriminant analysis (LDA) successfully distinguished three types of cancer cells and WBCs with high accuracy (>90%). In conclusion, this study provides a profound reference for the rational design of SERS probes and the efficient diagnosis of malignant tumors.