Comparative Modelling and Design Aspects of PANDA PM fiber

In this study, we investigate the design parameters of a high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. Our focus is on PANDA-type (Polarization-maintaining AND Absorption-reducing) fiber design that incorporates B 2 O 3 -doped silica stress rods. Utilizing the finite-element method (FEM) within the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, we conduct simulations to analyze the fiber's characteristics. We also provide a comprehensive review of common analytical expressions for birefringence and compare our simulation results with theoretical formulas. Our findings reveal a good agreement between simulation and one theoretical expression, while the other two exhibit discrepancies, each of a different nature.