Digital applications for diet monitoring, planning, and precision nutrition for citizens and professionals: a state of the art

The objective of this review was to critically examine existing digital applications, tailored for use by citizens and professionals, to provide diet monitoring, diet planning, and precision nutrition. We sought to identify the strengths and weaknesses of such digital applications, while exploring their potential contributions to enhancing public health, and discussed potential developmental pathways. Nutrition is a critical aspect of maintaining good health, with an unhealthy diet being one of the primary risk factors for chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Tracking and monitoring one's diet has been shown to help improve health and weight management. However, this task can be complex and time-consuming, often leading to frustration and a lack of adherence to dietary recommendations. Digital applications for diet monitoring, diet generation, and precision nutrition offer the promise of better health outcomes. Data on current nutrition-based digital tools was collected from pertinent literature and software providers. These digital tools have been designed for particular user groups: citizens, nutritionists, and physicians and researchers employing genetics and epigenetics tools. The applications were evaluated in terms of their key functionalities, strengths, and limitations. The analysis primarily concentrated on artificial intelligence algorithms and devices intended to streamline the collection and organization of nutrition data. Furthermore, an exploration was conducted of potential future advancements in this field. Digital applications designed for the use of citizens allow diet self-monitoring, and they can be an effective tool for weight and diabetes management, while digital precision nutrition solutions for professionals can provide scalability, personalized recommendations for patients, and a means of providing ongoing diet support. The limitations in using these digital applications include data accuracy, accessibility, and affordability, and further research and development are required. The integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain technology holds promise for improving the performance, security, and privacy of digital precision nutrition interventions. Multidisciplinarity is crucial for evidence-based and accessible solutions. Digital applications for diet monitoring and precision nutrition have the potential to revolutionize nutrition and health. These tools can make it easier for individuals to control their diets, help nutritionists provide better care, and enable physicians to offer personalized treatment.