Development of hazard capacity factor design model for net-zero: Evaluation of the flood adaptation effects considering green - gray infrastructure interaction

This study developed a quantitative flooding adaptation model, the Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model, to evaluate flooding risk and the effects of green–gray infrastructure interactions under severe flooding events. Modern society suffers great damage from natural disasters; however, no disaster adaptation model exists that can be easily used by decision makers. Therefore, we developed a model for comprehensive diagnosis of disasters in Suwon City using three key methods. First, a flood adaptation model was developed considering the pipeline network and an optimized arrangement of infrastructure was designed. Second, the framework of the HCFD model and the concept of the safety factor were developed. Finally, interactions between gray and green infrastructure were analyzed. Model evaluation demonstrated that gray and green infrastructure could reduce flooding by 20.04% and 6.55%, respectively, under 400 mm rainfall. The interaction between the gray infrastructure and the green infrastructure had an additional flood reduction effect of about 7%. The primary findings of this study were to develop the HCFD model as well as evaluate the interaction effects between gray and green infrastructure. The HCFD model could also be used in any disaster adaptation using different parameters and disasters.