Comparative evaluation of extraction methods for Scorias spongiosa polysaccharides: Yield, bioactivity, and anti-aging potential

-induced oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and SA-β-gal expression in H9C2 cells. Structural analysis revealed that SSPs-UAE-OH primarily consists of glucose, with a molecular weight of 490 KDa, and FT-IR spectroscopy suggested its potential classification as an α/β-dextran. Furthermore, ultrasonic power was optimized to 500 W through a yield- and activity-guided approach, achieving an enhanced SSPs-UAE-OH yield (32.57 ± 1.57 %) and significantly improved the viability of H9C2 cells (82.33 ± 3.74 %). This study not only established an efficient extraction protocol for SSPs but also elucidated the structural basis of their antioxidant and anti-aging properties in vitro. These findings provide critical insights for developing SSPs-based functional foods.