Animal models of NAFLD from a hepatologist's point of view

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder closely linked to obesity, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes and is increasingly recognized as a major health problem in many parts of the world. While early stages of NAFLD are characterized by a bland accumulation of fat (steatosis) in hepatocytes, the disease can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which involves chronic liver inflammation, tissue damage and fibrosis and can ultimately lead to end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and cancer. As no approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD exists today, there is an urgent need to identify promising pharmacological targets and develop future therapies. For this purpose, basic and translational research in NAFLD animal models is indispensable. While a large number of diverse animal models are currently used in the field, there is an ongoing challenge to identify those models that mirror human pathology the closest to allow good translation of obtained results into further clinical development. This review is meant to provide a concise overview of the most relevant NAFLD animal models currently available and will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these models with regard to their comparability to human disease conditions.