Pestalotinones A–D, new benzophenone antibiotics from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551

Four new pestalone-type benzophenones, pestalotinones A–D (1−4), along with six known congeners, pestalone, pestalone E–F, SB87-Cl, SB87-H, and pestalachloride B, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551 cultivated on rice grains. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1−3 exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (MIC: 1.25–2.5 μg ml−1) while no cytotoxicity against Vero cells (IC50 > 50 μM). The activity profile of this group of compounds suggested that replacement of the C-14 aldehyde with an oxymethyl greatly increases their activity and selectivity towards the bacteria and chlorine substitutions result in the increase of antibacterial activity and slight decrease of cytotoxicity against the mammalian cells.