The structure,synthesis,sythetic mechanism,protonation,application of polyaniline and the research advancement of polyaniline composites were comprehensively elaborated, and the study on coal based polyaniline was introduced in detail.In contrast with polyaniline,coal based polyaniline's conductivity drops slightly,but it has cheaper cost and strenghened thermal stability. The novel methods and the new chances for coal's nonfuel application are provided by coal based polyaniline.The coal based polyaniline has a certain extending value.