Research Progress of HIV-1 Coreceptor-chemokine Receptor

The review is about research progress of HIV coreceptor-chemokine receptor, especially about tropism, fine definition of a conserved CCR5- and CXCR4-binding region on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120, the function of CXCR4 and CCR5 on viral entry. In addition to CD4, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires a coreceptor for entry into target cells. The two primary kinds of coreceptors are CXCR4 and CCR5.The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5, members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, have been identified as the principal coreceptors for T cell line-tropic and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates, respectively. Beyond providing new perspectives on fundamental aspects of HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis, the coreceptors suggest new avenues for developing novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat the AIDS epidemic.