Unidirectional boron fiber/epoxy (Bf /epoxy) resin composites were fabricated with winding and compression molding,and the failure modes of the unidirectional Bf /epoxy resin composites under tensile loads were studied by observing macro- and micro- fracture surfaces of the Bf /epoxy resin composites. The results show that the failure modes of the unidirectional Bf /epoxy resin composites are mainly the non-accumulating failure when the elongation to fracture of epoxy resin is small. While the failure modes of the unidirectional Bf /epoxy resin composites are gradually changed into the accumulating failure with increasing the elongation to fracture of epoxy resin.