Chemical Imaging with Frequency Modulation Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy at the Vibrational Fingerprint Region

We present a new coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) method that can perform background-free microscopy and microspectroscopy at the vibrational fingerprint region. Chirped broad-band pulses from a single Ti:sapphire laser generate CARS signals over 800-1700 cm(-1) with a spectral resolution of 20 cm(-1). Fast modulation of the time delay between the pump and Stokes pulses coupled with lock-in signal detection not only removes the nonresonant background but also produces Raman-like CARS signals. Chemical imaging and microspectroscopy are demonstrated with various samples such as edible oils, lipid membranes, skin tissue, and plant cell walls. Systematic studies of the signal generation mechanism and several fundamental aspects are discussed.