[Objective] The research aimed to study the growth condition of Microcystis Aeruginosa in the overwintering and recovery periods.[Method] The glass bottle method was used to do the algal growth potential test(AGP test).The absorbance of algae liquid,the contents of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the culture liquid were measured,which were used to draw the growth curve of algae,the variation curves of TN and TP.Then,the growth and propagation rules of Microcystis Aeruginosa were discussed.[Result] The growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa needed the higher temperature,and the low temperature wasn't favorable for the growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa.In winter,the temperature variation had no influence on the growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa in the exponential growth period,and the unfavorable conditions in the environment had the small influence on Microcystis Aeruginosa in the stable period.In spring,when the temperature rose,Microcystis Aeruginosa in the dormant period started to revive.In addition,the sufficient nutrient salt was favorable for the overwintering and recovery of Microcystis Aeruginosa.[Conclusion] The growth conditions of Microcystis Aeruginosa in the overwintering and recovery periods were gained,which provided the certain theory guidance for the treatment of water body eutrophication.