Design and Control of a Dual‐Coil Magnetic Guidewire for Smooth and Adaptive Curvature Steering in Vascular Intervention

ABSTRACT Magnetically steerable guidewires show significant advantages in vascular intervention surgery by enabling precise and minimally invasive navigation. Guidewires with embedded magnetic materials are widely studied. However, when an external magnetic field directly acts on the distal tip, it often experiences high acceleration, which leads to unpredictable motion and potential vessel injury. In contrast, coil‐based magnetic guidewires allow precise adjustment of magnetic forces and torques through current, and immediate de‐energization eliminates this risk. Nevertheless, single‐coil designs provide limited deflection angles, which restrict their steering performance in complex vessels. To address these issues, this paper presents a dual‐coil magnetic guidewire (DCMG) that achieves dual‐attraction, dual‐repulsion, and spoon‐shaped modes under an external magnetic field. These three modes provide adaptable curvature control, that is, the dual‐attraction/repulsion mode enhances bending range and axial force transmission, and the spoon‐shaped mode facilitates compliant and safe navigation in tortuous vessels. Thermal characterization under static and flow conditions confirms safe operating temperatures under continuous energization. Furthermore, the deflection characteristics are experimentally measured under different current inputs. Steering performance is evaluated in a 90° glass channel under three actuation modes and validated through in vitro navigation experiments in a 3D heart aortic arch phantom. The results demonstrate that the DCMG achieves smooth curvature steering and controllable navigation, showing strong potential for future clinical application in vascular intervention surgeries.