We identified mutation-harboring precancerous cells that emerge via oligodendrocyte progenitor cell fate specification and contribute to the evolution of GBM with intratumoral molecular heterogeneity. This single-cell atlas from the GBM mouse model and patients' tissues revealed distinct transitional states of precancerous cells and demonstrated step-wise acquisition of oncogenic programs during GBM progression. See related commentary by Lee and Suvà, p. 1312.