In March 2024, the low-altitude economy was included in the Government Work Report for the first time, marking that it has been elevated to an important development direction at the national strategic level and has become a key carrier for fostering new-quality productive forces. Against the dual backdrop of global industrial transformation and domestic economic restructuring, the low-altitude economy, characterized by its long industrial chain, high technological content, and strong driving force, is gradually reshaping the pattern of economic development. This paper systematically sorts out the core theoretical connotations of the low-altitude economy and new-quality productive forces, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the internal logical connection between the two. Combining with China's low-altitude economy development environment, industrial structure and current situation, it focuses on exploring the coupling mechanism of the three major factors (finance, technology and policy) and their role in promoting the development of productive forces. The research shows that the low-altitude economy takes finance as the medium for capital circulation, technology as the orientation for innovative development, and policy as the support for standardization and guarantee. The synergistic effect formed by the three effectively breaks through the bottlenecks in industrial development, accelerates the process of technological progress and industrial upgrading, and injects sustained impetus into the growth of new-quality productive forces. This paper aims to provide theoretical references and practical paths for the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy and new-quality productive forces.