Contemporary Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke

In the past decade, adding mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of intracranial arterial occlusions to intravenous (IV) thrombolysis has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by expanding the therapeutic window to 24 h. Treatment decisions require establishing a high probability of AIS; confirming time since last known well (LKW); assessing severity of the neurological deficit; determining any contraindications to IV thrombolysis; and performing neuroimaging, usually noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT), to exclude intracerebral hemorrhage. If time since LKW is less than 4.5 h, patients with disabling stroke without contraindications can proceed immediately to IV thrombolysis while the decision about MT is under way. For some patients, the MT decision can be made on the basis of clinical assessment, NCCT, and CT angiography showing a large vessel occlusion. Others may require additional neuroimaging. Patients who are not candidates for IV thrombolysis within 4.5 h or MT should be immediately evaluated for eligibility for extended-window IV thrombolysis or early antiplatelet treatment.