Role of Metal−Organic Frameworks for Removal of Toxic Ions

The presence of toxic ion contaminants in drinking water affects our health and leads to various types of diseases. Hence, efficient removal of these toxic ion pollutants from water is of great importance. The adsorption system is one of the best methods for toxic ion removal from water. A variety of adsorbents have been reported but each one has its own merits and limitations. The crystalline microporous material containing metal nodes and organic linker via coordination bonds is known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). As a result of their remarkable properties, such as high porosity, larger surface area, and good thermal/chemical stability, MOFs have recently garnered much interest in the field of environmental chemistry. This chapter discusses the promising functions of MOFs; functionalized MOF-based hybrid materials and their composite forms were efficiently utilized toward adsorption of toxic ions from water using novel adsorbent materials. In addition, MOFs and functionalized MOF-based hybrid material forms with their synthetic techniques and its promising application toward toxic ion removal are explained in detail. Moreover, the toxic ion adsorption mechanism and characteristics of MOFs, functionalized MOF-based hybrid material, and their composite forms for toxic ions removal are given in detail, containing adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics parameters. To this end, the budding development of MOF-based hybrid materials toward toxic ions removal was also studied. Hence, this chapter offers a novel design toward the mechanism of toxic ion adsorption on MOFs and the improvement of superior-recital medium for the effective toxic ion removal from aquatic systems.