Fault diagnosis of transformer using artificial intelligence: A review

Transformer is one of the important components of the power system, capable of transmitting and distributing the electricity generated by renewable energy sources. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is one of the effective techniques to diagnose early faults in oil-immersed transformers. It correlates the concentration and ratio of dissolved gases with transformer faults. Researchers have proposed many methods for fault diagnosis, such as double ratio method, Rogers method, Duval triangle method, etc., but all of them have some problems. Based on the strong data mining capability and good robustness of AI techniques, many researchers introduced AI techniques to mine the features of DGA data. According to the characteristics and scale of DGA data, researchers select appropriate AI techniques or make appropriate improvements to AI techniques to improve diagnostic performance. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the application of artificial intelligence techniques for DGA-based diagnosis and for solving intractable problems in early transformer fault diagnosis, which include neural networks, clustering, support vector machines, etc. In addition to reviewing the applications of these intelligent techniques, the diagnostic thinking proposed in this literature, such as the introduction of temporal parameters for comprehensive analysis of DGA data and the extraction of optimal features for DGA data, is also reviewed. Finally, this paper summarizes and prospects the artificial intelligence techniques applied by researchers in transformer fault diagnosis.