医学
增生
梗阻性尿路病
泌尿科
直肠检查
尿检
下尿路症状
体格检查
尿细胞学
病史
泌尿系统
前列腺
膀胱镜检查
内科学
癌症
作者
Eric Kim,Jeffrey Larson,Gerald L. Andriole
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Medicine
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2016-01-14
卷期号:67 (1): 137-151
被引量:137
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-063014-123902
摘要
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) commonly affect older men. Age-related changes associated with metabolic disturbances, changes in hormone balance, and chronic inflammation may cause BPH development. The diagnosis of BPH hinges on a thorough medical history and focused physical examination, with attention to other conditions that may be causing LUTS. Digital rectal examination and urinalysis should be performed. Other testing may be considered depending on presentation of symptoms, including prostate-specific antigen, serum creatinine, urine cytology, imaging, cystourethroscopy, post-void residual, and pressure-flow studies. Many medical and surgical treatment options exist. Surgery should be reserved for patients who either have failed medical management or have complications from BPH, such as recurrent urinary tract infections, refractory urinary retention, bladder stones, or renal insufficiency as a result of obstructive uropathy.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI