The functions of the p53 gene and gene product

Abstract p53 is a tumour suppressor protein involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Mutation of the p53 gene and expression of mutant p53 protein are associated with many types of human neoplasia. Mutational hot spots at specific amino acid residues have been identified, and these hot spot mutations are differentially expressed in tumours of different tissue origins. Mutant p53 proteins exhibit properties that are functionally and biochemically altered from those of the wild‐type protein, including increased metabolic stability, loss of DNA and SV40 T antigen‐binding ability, and loss of growth suppressive functions. Further characterization of both wild‐type and mutant p53 proteins will provide insights into the mechanisms of tumour development.