Is neoadjuvant chemotherapy mandatory for limited-disease small-cell lung cancer?

The present study attempted to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). A retrospective analysis was performed on 106 LD-SCLC patients who underwent complete resections from February 2000 to February 2012 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. Among these cases, two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapies were administered to all pathologically confirmed patients [Group Neoadjuvant (Group N)]. For those without pathology, operations followed by adjuvant chemotherapies were performed [Group Adjuvant (Group A)]. Prognostic features and overall survival (OS) were compared using the log-rank test and calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Group N included 47 cases and Group A included 59 cases. A total of 57 patients were male and 49 were female, with a mean age of 56.1 ± 10.2 years. A total of 41 patients were at pathological stage (p-Stage) IIIa, and 65 patients were at I or II. The overall 5-year survival rate (5-YS) was 28%. The 5-YS for p-Stage I–II (n = 65) was significantly better than that of p-Stage III (n = 41) (35 vs 20%, P = 0.034). For p-Stage IIIa (pN2 positive), the 5-YS of Group N was significantly better than that of Group A (34 vs 12%, P = 0.020). The median overall survival for Group N and Group A in IIIa (pN2 positive) LD-SCLC patients were 46 and 15 months (P = 0.009), respectively. Multivariate analysis for survival showed mediastinal lymph node involvement; surgery and histopathology of SCLC were both significant independent predictors of long-term survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery provided reasonable options for pIIIa-N2 LD-SCLC patients, which can give them a better chance of survival.