CaO 2 nanoparticle-loaded injectable hydrogel with sustained oxygen release and ROS-scavenging functions for accelerating frostbite wound healing at high altitude

under hypoxic conditions. In a rat frostbite-induced hypoxic wound model, CPO-PTG hydrogel accelerates wound healing by reducing inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis. Therefore, this multifunctional hydrogel offers a promising strategy for frostbite wound repair, with potential applicability to other hypoxic wounds in high-altitude settings.