BnaGRP3 mediates salt tolerance via Na+/K+ homeostasis and BnaPIPs interactions in Brassica napus

BnaGRP3 enhances salt tolerance by maintaining Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis and, through its interactions with BnaPIPs, may participate in the regulation of H₂O₂ balance·H₂O₂ potentially serves as a bridge linking BnaGRP3-mediated ion homeostasis and redox regulation. The previously uncharacterized BnaGRP3-BnaPIP module broadens the mechanistic framework of GRP-mediated salt stress responses, thereby expanding our understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms in Brassica napus.