Recent advances in interface engineering in aluminum matrix composites reinforced by nano-ceramic phases: from atomic structure to mechanical performance

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with nano-ceramic phases have emerged as critical lightweight structural materials for aerospace and transportation applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties. The interfacial structure between nano-ceramic phases and the Al matrix plays a decisive role in determining composite performance, fundamentally governing load transfer, deformation mechanism, and failure fracture. This review systematically examines interfacial structures in nano-ceramic reinforced AMCs, categorizing them into four distinct types: direct-contact interfaces, in situ reaction interfaces, atomic segregation interfaces, and precipitation segregation interfaces. We elucidate the structure-property relationships across multiple scales, from atomic-level bonding mechanisms to nanoscale dislocation interactions and mesoscale deformation behavior. By integrating recent advances in characterization techniques and multiscale modeling, we provide comprehensive insights into interface design strategies for optimizing mechanical performance. Critical challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, emphasizing the need for advanced in situ characterization, computational approaches, and intelligent design methodologies to accelerate the development of next-generation AMCs for extreme service environments.