Gut microbiota in sexual function: exploring new avenues

INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiota, which is recognized for its crucial role in regulating numerous physiological processes, harbors a relationship with sexual function that has remained relatively understudied. OBJECTIVES: This narrative review aims to integrate the existing evidence regarding the association between the gut microbiota and sexual function. Additionally, it endeavors to discuss the research challenges and delineate the future directions within this burgeoning field. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis was carried out on both pre-clinical and clinical studies. The scope of the analysis encompassed: (1) the associations between the composition of the gut microbiota and various forms of sexual dysfunctions, (2) the risk factors for sexual dysfunction that are associated with alterations in the microbiota, and (3) the potential interventions that target the regulation of the gut microbiota. RESULTS: In the context of erectile dysfunction and hypoactive sexual desire disorder, several investigations have identified specific changes in the gut microbiota. Additionally, risk factors for sexual dysfunction, such as mental health disorders, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid dysfunction, are also influenced by the gut microbiota. Promising intervention strategies include dietary modification, supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and bioengineering approaches. CONCLUSION: The current body of evidence has established a link between gut microbial dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of various sexual health issues. Despite the fact that our understanding and assessment of the impact of gut microbes on the sexual function of the host are still in their infancy, continued advancements may unveil novel potential targets for the management of sexual health.