Application of CALPHAD for the Prediction of Matrix Phase Transformations in Steel

Phase boundaries of the pseudo-binary Fe-C diagram are key inputs for the prediction and understanding of matrix phase transformation in steels. The mechanical properties, of such steels, however, are often not dictated by the individual phase fractions, accessible through CALPHAD calculations, but by the arrangement of the phases, i.e., the steel’s microstructure. The prediction of these microstructural constituents requires the application of additional models, which are reviewed in the present contribution. Additionally, the current use and limitations for industrial application are presented together with an outlook to future challenges and opportunities in this field of research.