Design of modified MOFs electrocatalysts for water splitting: High current density operation and long-term stability

It is highly desirable to develop efficient catalysts under high-current-density operation and long-term stability for high performance water splitting. However, most reported modified MOFs catalysts exhibited favorable catalytic activity under a low current density on 10 mA cm−2 and limited stability. In response, reasonable design and applications modified MOFs catalyst with high current density and prolonged stability is essential yet challenging. In this review, we firstly summed the classifications of modified MOFs with pristine MOFs, MOFs composites and MOFs derivatives. Then, we discussed the strategies on the high-current-density activity improvement referring to the electronic structure tuning, defect construction and vacancy formation, and methods on the long-term stability enhancement including active sites protection, catalytic support reinforcement and efficient surface reconstruction. Finally, we proposed the challenges and prospects of modified MOFs to achieve improvement for further industrial water splitting, which could bring design principles in the field of modified MOFs materials.