Effects of Visualized Health Education Based on Health Belief Model on Self-Management of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease often require maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Effective self-management is crucial for the prognosis of patients undergoing MHD; however, their self-management practices remain suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the effects of visualized health education based on health belief model on self-management, self-efficacy, quality of life, and quality of dialysis in patients undergoing MHD. METHODS: A total of 93 patients undergoing MHD from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou were recruited between December 2021 and June 2022 and divided into control (n = 44) and intervention (n = 49) groups according to their dialysis time. The control group received standard health education, while the intervention group received visualized health education based on the Health Belief Model (3 months, 3 times a week, about 1 hour each time). The Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument, Self-Efficacy Scale, Hemodialysis Knowledge Questionnaire, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey were used before and after intervention. Physiological indices related to hemodialysis (serum potassium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, and hemoglobin) were collected. RESULTS: < .05). More individuals in the intervention group achieved normal ranges for hemoglobin, albumin, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus. CONCLUSION: The visualized health education intervention significantly enhanced self-management level, self-efficacy, and quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. This approach is recommended for broader application.