Biaxial and Multi Axial Stress Behavior of Composites Insights and Methodologies

The utilization of fiber-reinforced composites has experienced a significant surge in various industries, such as aviation, marine, civil engineering, and automotive. This is mostly due to their exceptional strength and stiffness. However, the design of these structural components is usually based on the uniaxial test data, which has been found to be insufficient. This is due to the fact that real-world engineering materials often experience complex loading conditions that uniaxial testing cannot depict. To create structures that can withstand multiple loads, one must understand how composites react to biaxial or multiaxial loading. Multi-axial and biaxial loads cause different failure processes than uniaxial loading. The current study examines the behavior of FRP when subjected to biaxial loading. The study encompasses the examination of testing protocols, specimen design, and sensing techniques utilized for the measurement of stress and strains under biaxial loading.