An aqueous copper battery enabled by Cu2+/Cu+ and Cu3+/Cu2+ redox conversion chemistry

We propose an aqueous copper battery via Cu2+/Cu+ and Cu3+/Cu2+ redox conversion chemistry on an activated carbon (AC) electrode enabled by a 30 m ChCl + 1 m CuCl2 electrolyte, where Cu3+/Cu2+ redox promotes the discharge capacity by ∼50 mA h g-1 at ∼1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl with stable cycling.