Liposomes

Liposomes are spherical particles bound by one or multiple lipid bilayers. The liposomes are then downsized to increase the loading of the drug molecules inside liposomes of narrow size distribution. Liposomes have fascinated scientists as effective drug delivery systems (DDSs) since their discovery. As DDSs liposomes offer some splendid advantages, including high loading, plenty of opportunity for surface engineering, and capability to encapsulate and deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Gaining control over the release of the drug payload from liposomes at target sites remains a significant hurdle in the translation of liposomal technology. Liposomes, like most of the other therapeutically used nanoparticles, are perceived as foreign bodies/pathogens by the body, resulting in the activation of the immune system. Liposomes are known to trigger acute non-immunoglobulin E–mediated allergic/hypersensitivity reactions, known as Complement Activation–Related Pseudoallergy, by means of activating the complement pathways.