A Design Approach of Tonpiltz Transducer

The Tonpiltz transducer is one of the critical elements in sonar systems. The transducer's properties strongly depend on the number of piezoelectric ceramic segments and mechanical elements such as head mass, tail mass, prestress rod and so on. In this research, the relationship between the physical and electrical characteristics of the Tonpiltz transducer is deduced. The influences of material parameters and mechanical structure are also discussed. An ingenious method is proposed to evaluate the mechanical compliance and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of the Tonpiltz transducer. A lumped equivalent circuit of the Tonpiltz transducer is also presented to estimate the weight and length of head and tail masses of the transducer, and to simulate the transducer's electrical and physical properties. A practical design example is also developed to confirm the simulation.