Altered expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: A screening test

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include neurodevelopmental disorders in which behavioral deficits can result from neuronal imbalance of excitation to inhibition (E/I) in the brain. Here we used RT-qPCR to screen for the expression of 99 genes associated with excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmission in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rats in an established VPA model of ASD. The largest changes in the expression of glutamatergic genes were found in the cerebral cortex, where 12 genes including these encoding some of the subunits of the ionotropic glutamate receptors, were upregulated, while 2 genes were downregulated. The expression of genes encoding the presynaptic glutamatergic proteins vGluT1 and mGluR7 and PKA, involved in downstream glutamatergic signaling, was elevated more than 100-fold. Changes in GABAergic gene expression were found in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus; 3 genes were upregulated, and 3 were downregulated. In conclusion, these results revealed that, in the ASD model, several glutamatergic genes in the rat cerebral cortex were upregulated, which contrasts with small and balanced changes in the expression of GABAergic genes. The VPA rat model, useful in studying the molecular basis of ASD, may be suitable for testing experimental therapies in these disabilities.