Bioremediation of contaminated soils

Bioremediation has attracted attention of scientists and biotechnologists for environmental control and it employs biological agents mainly microorganisms like yeast, fungi, algae, or bacteria to treat contaminated soils or water derived in the process applied for treatment of such sites. Microbial bioremediation for in-situ removal of organic pollutants, heavy toxic metals, radionuclides, etc., can be applied successfully. Specific bioremediation technologies can also be developed based on toxicity of contaminants and the site conditions. As a component of bioremediation, application of plants for removal of contaminants from environment, known as phytoremediation, can also be made and hyper accumulator species are capable of accumulating toxic metals about 100 times higher than those typically found in common plants. The paper discusses the different sources of heavy metal which contaminated the soil and water and various techniques for Remediation on Remediatio Remediation of this contaminated soil.